Autism affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. Although commonly associated with challenges in these areas, many individuals with autism also experience other health conditions, including autistic burnout, that can affect their quality of life.
One such condition is chronic fatigue, a persistent feeling of extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest and often interferes with daily activities.
Understanding how autism and chronic fatigue intersect is crucial for improving the overall well-being of individuals on the spectrum.
What is Chronic Fatigue?
Chronic fatigue, often referred to as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), is a complex and debilitating disorder characterized by severe fatigue that lasts for at least six months and cannot be explained by other medical conditions.
This fatigue significantly impairs a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks, causing a profound impact on their social, professional, and personal lives.
The symptoms of chronic fatigue go beyond the usual tiredness that many people experience. These include:
- Persistent fatigue that doesn’t improve with sleep or rest
- Difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly (often referred to as “brain fog”)
- Unrefreshing sleep, where a person wakes up feeling just as tired as when they went to bed
- Muscle pain and joint discomfort without swelling or redness
- Headaches, which may be more intense than usual
- Sore throat and tender lymph nodes
- Post-exertional malaise (PEM), a worsening of symptoms after physical or mental exertion
For individuals on the autism spectrum, these symptoms can often be harder to identify, as many people with autism experience sensory overload, fatigue, and other conditions that may overlap with chronic fatigue.
The Connection Between Autism and Chronic Fatigue
While autism and chronic fatigue are distinct conditions, there are several ways in which the two may intersect. For many autistic individuals, fatigue may arise due to the cognitive and sensory demands placed on them. These demands can be overwhelming, leading to exhaustion that is not easily alleviated by rest.
Individuals with autism often experience sensory issues, meaning they may become overwhelmed by certain lights, sounds, textures, or smells. These sensitivities can cause physical and mental fatigue.
For example, a child on the autism spectrum might find a busy, noisy classroom to be exhausting, even if they appear to be engaged. This constant sensory overload can contribute to feelings of tiredness and frustration.
The difficulties that individuals with autism face in social situations can also lead to chronic fatigue. Social interactions often require a great deal of mental energy, as individuals must constantly assess body language, facial expressions, and the nuances of conversation. This can be especially draining for people on the spectrum, particularly in social environments that they may find anxiety-inducing.
The pressure to “mask” or hide their true selves in social situations may lead to emotional exhaustion, which can contribute to chronic fatigue over time.
Sleep difficulties are also common among individuals with autism. Studies show that approximately 40–80% of children with autism experience sleep disorders, such as insomnia, night wakings, and difficulty falling asleep. This lack of restful sleep can exacerbate feelings of tiredness and fatigue.
Chronic fatigue in individuals with autism may, in part, be related to these sleep disturbances. Poor sleep hygiene, disrupted circadian rhythms, and heightened stress levels can prevent individuals from obtaining restorative sleep, leading to ongoing fatigue.
5 Causes of Chronic Fatigue in Autism
Several factors could contribute to chronic fatigue in individuals with autism. These factors are often intertwined and can create a cycle that is difficult to break. They’re as follows:

How to Manage Chronic Fatigue in Individuals with Autism
While chronic fatigue can be challenging to manage, several strategies can help reduce its impact. These strategies focus on improving sleep, reducing sensory overload, and managing stress.
Let’s look at each of them.
Establishing Consistent Sleep Routines
Improving sleep hygiene is a crucial first step in managing chronic fatigue. Individuals with autism benefit from having a predictable, calming bedtime routine. This could involve activities like reading, listening to soft music, or engaging in relaxation techniques.
Limiting screen time before bed and ensuring a dark, quiet sleep environment can also promote better sleep.
Reducing Sensory Overload
Creating a sensory-friendly environment can help reduce sensory overload. For example, dimming the lights, using noise-canceling headphones, or providing a quiet space to retreat to can all help manage sensory sensitivities. These accommodations can help prevent the exhaustion caused by overstimulation.
Managing Stress and Anxiety
Implementing strategies to manage stress and anxiety can help reduce chronic fatigue. Techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, and progressive muscle relaxation can help individuals with autism calm their minds and reduce emotional exhaustion.
In some cases, cognitive behavioral therapy or other therapeutic interventions can be beneficial in addressing anxiety and improving emotional regulation.
Support from a Healthcare Provider
For individuals experiencing chronic fatigue alongside autism, it is essential to work with a healthcare provider who understands both conditions. A comprehensive evaluation can help identify any underlying medical issues contributing to fatigue. Additionally, doctors may recommend medications or therapies to improve sleep, reduce anxiety, or manage conditions associated with autism.
Conclusion
Autism and chronic fatigue are two distinct conditions, but they can often coexist, leading to increased challenges in daily life. By understanding the causes and symptoms of chronic fatigue in individuals with autism, it becomes possible to develop more effective strategies for managing both conditions.
With the right support, accommodations, and treatments, individuals can lead healthier, more balanced lives despite the challenges they face. At Eagle’s Will ABA, we provide tailored ABA therapy in North Carolina to help individuals reach their full potential.
Our team is dedicated to offering compassionate and effective support for each client’s unique needs. Contact us today to learn how we can help your loved one thrive with our professional, individualized therapy programs.
Sources:
https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/mental-health/autistic-fatigue/autistic-adults
https://www.leicspart.nhs.uk/autism-space/health-and-lifestyle/autistic-fatigue-and-burnout/
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2021.2008169