Autism in teenagers can look different from how it appears in younger children. Many autistic traits that were present in childhood may continue, but they may also evolve due to increased social expectations, academic pressures, and growing self-awareness. Coping with change can be particularly challenging during this stage, as shifting routines and new responsibilities may heighten stress and anxiety.
Some teens may have been diagnosed earlier in life, while others may have masked their struggles so well that their autism is only recognized during adolescence. Recognizing the symptoms of autism in teens can help parents, educators, and caregivers support them in ways that respect their unique needs and abilities.
Without further ado, let’s look at seven different signs to look out for in your teens.
Social Differences and Challenges
One of the most noticeable signs of autism in teenagers is difficulty with social interactions. While some autistic teens enjoy being around others, they may struggle to understand unwritten social rules, body language, or subtle jokes.
They might take things literally, missing sarcasm or hidden meanings in conversations. Others may find socializing exhausting or confusing, leading them to avoid interactions altogether.
Many autistic teens have trouble making and keeping friends. They may not know how to start or maintain a conversation, leading to awkward social interactions. Group settings can be overwhelming, making it hard to participate in social events, group projects, or casual hangouts.
Some teens prefer deep, meaningful conversations but struggle with small talk, making it hard to connect with peers who thrive on casual banter.
Some autistic teenagers experience social anxiety because they are aware of their differences but don’t know how to fit in. They may try to imitate others or “mask” their natural behaviors to avoid standing out. This effort to blend in can be mentally exhausting and lead to emotional distress over time.
Communication Differences
Autistic teens often communicate differently from their neurotypical peers. Some may have a formal or advanced way of speaking, while others might struggle to find the right words. They may talk at length about topics that interest them but find it hard to engage in reciprocal conversations.
Others may have difficulty processing spoken instructions or following fast-paced conversations, leading to misunderstandings.
Some teens on the spectrum have trouble understanding tone of voice, facial expressions, or gestures. They might not realize when someone is bored or annoyed, leading to social missteps. Alternatively, they might not use much facial expression themselves, which can make them seem uninterested, even when they are deeply engaged.
Selective mutism or difficulty speaking in certain situations is also common. Some autistic teens find it challenging to communicate when they are stressed, anxious, or overwhelmed. They might prefer texting or writing over speaking, as it gives them more time to process their thoughts.
Sensory Sensitivities and Overloads
Sensory processing differences are common in autistic teens. They may be extremely sensitive to certain sounds, lights, textures, or smells, while others might have a reduced sensitivity and seek out intense sensory input.
For some, a noisy cafeteria, bright classroom lights, or the feeling of certain fabrics can be unbearable. They might avoid crowded places, cover their ears when hearing loud noises, or wear the same type of clothing repeatedly because other materials feel uncomfortable.
Others may enjoy deep pressure, seek out strong flavors, or fidget constantly to regulate their sensory needs.
Repetitive Behaviors and Special Interests
Many autistic teens engage in repetitive behaviors or have deep, focused interests in specific topics. This might include collecting information about a favorite subject, watching the same shows repeatedly, or engaging in routines that bring comfort.
These interests can be a source of joy and relaxation but may also lead to frustration when others don’t share the same enthusiasm.
Some may engage in stimming to self-soothe or manage emotions. Others might have strict routines and find it distressing when their schedules are disrupted. Change can be difficult for autistic teens, and unexpected events may cause anxiety.
Emotional Regulation and Mental Health
Many autistic teens experience difficulty managing emotions. They might have strong reactions to small frustrations, struggle with anxiety, or feel emotionally overwhelmed in situations that seem minor to others. Some teens may have trouble recognizing or describing their own emotions, a trait known as alexithymia.
Depression and anxiety are common among autistic teens, especially those who struggle with social isolation or feel misunderstood. The pressure to fit in can lead to self-doubt, and repeated social difficulties may contribute to low self-esteem.
Some teens may also experience autistic burnout, where prolonged masking and stress lead to exhaustion, withdrawal, and emotional distress.
It’s important to recognize that emotional outbursts or shutdowns are not simply “bad behavior” but signs of internal struggle. Understanding these difficulties can help parents and caregivers offer support in ways that are compassionate rather than punitive.
Executive Function Challenges
Executive function refers to the brain’s ability to plan, organize, and manage time. Many autistic teens struggle in this area, which can make school and daily life challenging. They may forget assignments, have difficulty starting tasks, or get stuck on one activity for too long.
Some teens have trouble transitioning between activities, whether it’s moving from one class to another or shifting from homework to relaxation. Others may struggle with prioritizing tasks, leading to last-minute cramming or incomplete work. Due to these challenges, they may be mistaken for being lazy or unmotivated when, in reality, they need extra support and structured guidance.
While some autistic teens thrive with routines, others may struggle with consistency. One day, they may be highly productive, while the next, they feel completely drained. This variability is not a choice but a reflection of their neurological differences.
Sleep and Physical Health Issues
Sleep problems are common in autistic teens. Many have difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or feeling rested even after a full night’s sleep. Sensory sensitivities, racing thoughts, or irregular melatonin production can contribute to sleep disturbances.
Some autistic teens may also experience gastrointestinal issues, chronic headaches, or other physical symptoms that seem unrelated to autism but are actually common in autistic individuals. These physical discomforts can impact mood, energy levels, and overall well-being.
Recognizing Autism in Teens
If a teenager shows many of these signs and struggles with daily life, it may be worth exploring an autism evaluation. However, autism does not look the same in everyone. Some teens may be highly verbal and academically successful but struggle socially and emotionally.
Others may have more noticeable communication difficulties or sensory sensitivities that impact their daily functioning. Understanding the signs of autism in teenagers can lead to better support, allowing them to thrive in a way that aligns with their needs and strengths.
Whether they require accommodations at school, therapy, or simply a more accepting environment, recognizing and validating their experiences can make a significant difference in their well-being. At Eagle’s Will ABA, we offer tailored autism services in North Carolina, providing expert ABA therapy that helps individuals reach their full potential.
Our compassionate team is dedicated to creating a supportive and understanding environment. Contact us today to learn more about how our services can support you and your loved ones on their journey.
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